Here's a quick knocktogether of what I have in mind. The ship's Burdens are converted to the Adjusted Burden Value. Any time a ship can fire (AI) or chooses to fire (player) it inflicts the number of points of damage shown on the upper table. I haven't considered any means of doing boarding or critical hits. This was just something I came up with to place a tactical value on maneuvering.

Simplified Damage Table.pdf